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Influence of the Application of Lignite on the Distribution of Organic Carbon in Soil
Širůček, David ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on optimization of sequential chemical fractionation method to humeomics in order to be useful for determination of organic matter content and distribution and also organic elements in soil. Subsequently, the optimized method is used to assess the efect of lignite application as soil support on these soil characteristics. For these purposes, there were three source matrices of organic matter (lignite, soil and annual soil extraction after lignite application) fractionated by sequential chemical analysis. In parallel, these samples were also fractionated by classic alkaline extraction to obtain the so-called extractable fraction of organic matter (NOM). Individual fractions from sequential chemical fractionation as well as NOM samples were characterized by methods of elemental analysis (determination of organic elements), thermogravimetry (contents of ash, organic matter and moisture) and FTIR spektrometry (structural analysis). The results obtained from a large range of data from all humeomics fractions and NOM fractions showed that the method of sequential chemical fractionation gives higher yields of organic matter compared to classic alkaline extraction. Another indisputable advantage is the fact that the obtained fractions divided according to solubility and strenght of binding to soil inorganics can be better characterized by physical-chemical methods, which provides more detailed information about soil organic matter. The results of the work also show that in order for lignite as a support substance to significantly affect soil properties, a longer time, multiple sampling and repetition of individual fractionations would be needed.
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Influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on soil properties
Zoufalá, Anna ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
This masters thesis deals with the influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on soil properties. Even though synthetic nanoparticles pose potential environmental risk, their impact on the environment is not researched enough. TiO2 nanoparticles are one of the most used and widespread nanoparticles and contamination of the environment with these nanoparticles is inevitable. One of the properties, thanks to which these nanoparticles are used, is the possibility of photocatalysis when the nanoparticles are illuminated with light in the UV wavelength. During this process, especially in the presence of water, highly reactive radicals are formed, which can oxidize organic compounds, which is mainly used for the degradation of organic pollutants. Therefore it is possible that in soil contaminated with TiO2 nanoparticles photocatalytic degradation of soil organic matter could occur. On the other hand, it is possible that polymerization reactions occur too. Thus the aim of this work is to clarify which processes occur after irradiating soil contaminated with TiO2 nanoparticles. To asses the impact of TiO2 nanoparticles and UV irradiation were caried out experiments during which soil contaminated with TiO2 nanoparticles was irradiated at different humidities. These samples were analyzed using thermogravimetry and FTIR spectrometry. No changes caused by TiO2 nanoparticles and UV light were detectable using thermogravimetry. Data acquired from FTIR spectrometry were processed using two different statistical methods – correlation analysis and principal components analysis. Correlation analysis was found not to be suitable method of data evaluation for the purpose of this work. Principal components analysis proved, that higher concentration of nanoparticles (5 wt. %) in combination with UV light does have impact on the composition of soil organic matter and its decomposition occurs mainly.
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Influence of the Application of Lignite on the Distribution of Organic Carbon in Soil
Širůček, David ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on optimization of sequential chemical fractionation method to humeomics in order to be useful for determination of organic matter content and distribution and also organic elements in soil. Subsequently, the optimized method is used to assess the efect of lignite application as soil support on these soil characteristics. For these purposes, there were three source matrices of organic matter (lignite, soil and annual soil extraction after lignite application) fractionated by sequential chemical analysis. In parallel, these samples were also fractionated by classic alkaline extraction to obtain the so-called extractable fraction of organic matter (NOM). Individual fractions from sequential chemical fractionation as well as NOM samples were characterized by methods of elemental analysis (determination of organic elements), thermogravimetry (contents of ash, organic matter and moisture) and FTIR spektrometry (structural analysis). The results obtained from a large range of data from all humeomics fractions and NOM fractions showed that the method of sequential chemical fractionation gives higher yields of organic matter compared to classic alkaline extraction. Another indisputable advantage is the fact that the obtained fractions divided according to solubility and strenght of binding to soil inorganics can be better characterized by physical-chemical methods, which provides more detailed information about soil organic matter. The results of the work also show that in order for lignite as a support substance to significantly affect soil properties, a longer time, multiple sampling and repetition of individual fractionations would be needed.
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